Like most Indonesian ethnic groups, including the Sundanese of West Java, the Javanese are of Austronesian origins whose ancestors are thought to have originated in Taiwan, and migrated through the Philippines, reaching Java between 1,500BCE and 1,000BCE.

The Javanese were traditionally concentrated in the provinces of East Java, Central Java and Yogyakarta, but due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise) there are now high populations of Javanese people in almost all the Indonesian provinces. (The province of West Java is home to the Sundanese, Indonesia’s second largest ethnic group who are ethnically distinct from the Javanese).

Language

Javanese people use Javanese language in everyday speech. In a public poll held circa-1990, approximately 12% of Javanese used Indonesian, around 18% used both Javanese and Indonesian, and the rest used Javanese exclusively. However since that time use of Indonesian is likely to have increased.

Family

Culturally, Javanese people adopt a paternalistic system that traces the hierarchic lineage of the father. This system is particularly used to determine descendants’ right to use royal titles before their names. However, it is not customary for Javanese to have a descended family name.

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Jamu dibuat dari bahan-bahan alami, berupa bagian dari tumbuhan seperti rimpang (akar-akaran), daun-daunan dan kulit batang, buah. Ada juga menggunakan bahan dari tubuh hewan, seperti empedu kambing atau tangkur buaya.

Jamu biasanya terasa pahit sehingga perlu ditambah madu sebagai pemanis agar rasanya lebih dapat ditoleransi peminumnya.

Di berbagai kota besar terdapat profesi penjual jamu gendong yang berkeliling menjajakan jamu sebagai minuman yang sehat dan menyegarkan. Selain itu jamu juga diproduksi di pabrik-pabrik jamu oleh perusahaan besar seperti Jamu Air Mancur, Nyonya Meneer atau Djamu Djago, dan dijual di berbagai toko obat dalam kemasan sachet. Jamu seperti ini harus dilarutkan dalam air panas terlebih dahulu sebelum diminum. Pada perkembangan selanjutnya jamu juga dijual dalam bentuk tablet, kaplet dan kapsul.

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